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Share the post "Ubuntu Remove Exim4"

I’ve scoured over the net on how to permanently remove the Exim4 Mail Server from the Ubuntu OS and came across with this one command that did it. The other options that include purge with it didn’t work. So I’m sticking with this one since it is what made it work and I was able to reinstall Exim4 again.

apt-get remove exim4 exim4-base exim4-config exim4-daemon-light

Then just install Exim4 again with this command.

apt-get install exim4

If you are using an account that doesn’t have root access, add the command sudo first.

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Share the post "Line Break? Carriage Return?"

Operating systems have different ways on treating on line break symbols. But what exactly is a carriage return? In some operating systems like Mac OS, carriage returns also have line breaks embedded with them. Carriage return means going to move the position of the cursor to the first position on the same line. In programming languages we often see this character \r. While a line break’s character is \n, other operating systems like Windows actually combine both \r\n to denote a next line (and a carriage return). Notice the ENTER key’s symbol on the keyboard? the direction is first going down, then the arrow points to left which indicates the cursor would be on the first position of the next line. Here is a list of 3 famous operating systems and how they handle line breaks.

Windows = \r\n
Unix = \n
Mac OS = \r

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Share the post "Unix nohup Log File And Error File"

Unix type operating systems have a command called nohup which means no hang up. Problem with running applications especially when you log off from the system, is that the application that was running gets terminated as well. To avoid this problem, we use the nohup command. If in case we want to separate the log file from the error file, this is the way to do it:

nohup ./[file] 2>[error_file] > [log_file]

It’s as simple as that.

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